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The fourth fundamental constant and the origin of mass in the Standard Model

All 22 fundamental constants in physics are dimensionless with the exceptions of the well-known constants of the speed of light, the gravitational constant, Planck’s constant, and a Higgs parameter. But why is there a fundamental dimensional constant apart from c, G and h? Are mass particles random or could they be calculated from a more complete theory?

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The Planck Energy: Higg’s hierarchy problem, vacuum catastrophe and G

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Planck energy is the unit of energy in the system of Planck units, calculated from the three main fundamental constants in physics: the speed of light, the gravitational constant, and Planck’s constant, with a value of around 1.2×10^19 GeV. It is in fact the only combination of these constants that yields the dimensions of energy, which can be proven by dimensional analysis. Is it a fundamental energy scale in our theories? Or is it just a curiosity of dimensional analysis and has no physical relevance in the laws of nature as we known them?

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Dark Energy from Cosmological Energy Conservation

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The value of the gravitational wave energy density is unknown. Current progress in gravitational wave detection suggests that the energy density of the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) will be estimated in the next decades. We present a derivation of its value under the assumption that energy lost due to cosmic redshift is fully responsible for the energy gained by the cosmological constant in the expanding universe.

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Heuristic Determination of the Cosmological Constant with Higgs parameters

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We explore combinations of the fundamental constants in physics performing a dimensional analysis by brute-force through computation, in search of an equation resulting in the measured energy density of the vacuum or cosmological constant that is assumed to cause the accelerated expansion of the universe. A relationship between the Higgs parameters and the measured cosmological constant is found.

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